tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves'
Chris Mungall
x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL.
synonym typically used in the context of vertebrate anatomy
imported from
part of
has part
inheres in
inheres_in
is bearer of
bearer of
bearer_of
participates in
participates_in
The elbow is proximal to the hand, but distal to the shoulder.
x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y.
Crosses at an angle that is 90 degrees, or close to 90 degrees. In any non-linear organism, the main axes are rarely perpendicular when taken through the organism as a whole.
On the same side as. For example, the left arm is ipsilateral to the left leg.
On the opposite side from. For example, the left arm is contralateral to the right arm (and the right leg).
Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines.
Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer.
Closer to the left side of the organism. Example: The dorsal fin is right of the left pectoral fin, but is left of the right eye. On the type level: X left_of Y <=> every instance x of X is left_of some instance y of Y, and there exists some organism o such that x part_of o and y part_of o.
Closer to the right side of the organism. Example: The dorsal fin is right of the left pectoral fin, but is left of the right eye. On the type level: X left_of Y <=> every instance x of X is right_of some instance y of Y, and there exists some organism o such that x part_of o and y part_of o.
Direcly opposite to. i.e. on the opposite side through the axis.
X left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion.
X right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion.
X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion.
X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion.
connected to
X connected_to Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary.
has component
For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint.
develops from
David Osumi-Sutherland
Terry Meehan
This is the transitive form of the develops from relation
x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y
A directional axis can be divided by a plane. Following Allen Interval Algebra terminology we say that the side on which the axis initiates starts the axis, with the other side finishing the axis. If s finishes_axis x, and x has_end_point p, then x overlaps p
A relation between an axis and a part of an organism, in which the part defines the initial point of the axis.
Axes can be defined in a given species by subtyping the relevant axis type and stating a end and end point
Axes can be defined in a given species by subtyping the relevant axis type and stating a start and end point.
"(forall (x y) (iff (overlaps x y) (exists (z) (and (part_of z x) (part_of z y)))))" CLIF []
x overlaps y iff they have some part in common.
A directional axis can be divided by a plane. Following Allen Interval Algebra terminology we say that the side on which the axis initiates starts the axis, with the other side finishing the axis. . If s starts_axis x, and x has_start_point p, then x overlaps p
placeholder. used for relation between anatomical surface and an anatomical side.
entity
continuant
occurrent
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants.
a surgical operation as processual context for a nosocomical infection
perdurant
the life of an organism
the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life
the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis
the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
independent continuant
process
A processual entity that is a maximally connected spatiotemporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities.
the process of cell-division
the process of sleeping
material entity
was made obsolete because the ID had too many digits
A 2D surface of an anatomical continuant
fiat region extending a short distance from the boundary of an object inwards
Sagittal section that divides bilateral body into unequal equal left and right sections.
Sagittal section that divides bilateral body into equal left and right sections.
A straight line through space, intersecting an anatomical entity.
axis directions are defined in terms of axes
An anatomical axis determined by gravity.
An axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail.
In plants, this is the axis that runs from the shoot to the root.
from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal).
An axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly).
An axis that bisects an organism from left to right sides of body, through a sagittal section.
Anatomical section that divides body into anterior and posterior sections.
Anatomical section that divides bilateral body into dorsal and ventral sections.
A region defined by change in the value of some quantity per unit of distance across some spatial axis.
An anatomical region bounded by a plane perpendicular to an axis through the middle.
The part of the organism attached to a substrate. Axis of symmetry.
inherited from flybase cv. not clear how this would be used. Suggest we obsolete, and use the corresponding relation.
a point in the centre of the organism (where the left-right axis intersects the midsagittal plane)
A 3D region in space without well-defined compartmental boundaries; for example, the dorsal region of an ectoderm.
inherited from flybase cv. not clear how this would be used
This is an example of a composition of two axis positions
A flat 2D plane intersecting an anatomical continuant, dividing it into two adjacent portions.
These anatomical sections are applicable to most bilaterally symmetrical animals, but bipedal animals such as humans have more complex usage of these terms. For example, in post-embryonic humans a coronal plane is vertical and a transverse plane is horizontal, but for embryos and quadrupeds a coronal plane is horizontal and a transverse plane is vertical.
Anatomical section that divides bilateral body into roughly mirror image left and right sections. Bilaterally symmetric organisms have a single sagittal plane.
From centre of organism to one or other side.
Properly, the ML axis is a half axis; practically, its usage is less clumsy and less linguistically biased than "left-right". The terms may still be used relatively to describe locations along the LR axis. The gills are medial to the operculum, but lateral to the heart.
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
anatomical structure
material anatomical entity
cell component
multi-cell-component structure
neuron projection bundle
cell
neuron
habitat
A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms.
membrane
axon
dendrite
presynaptic membrane
cell projection
neuron projection
synapse part
cell part
synapse
postsynaptic membrane