never in taxon
PMID:17921072
tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves'
?X DisjointWith RO_0002162 some ?Y
Chris Mungall
PMID:20973947
x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL.
shorthand
imported from
part of
part_of
has part
has_part
inheres in
inheres_in
inheres_in
is bearer of
bearer of
bearer_of
participates in
participates_in
participates_in
connected to
David Osumi-Sutherland
X connected_to Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary.
has component
For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint.
develops from
Chris Mungall
Melissa Haendel
David Osumi-Sutherland
Terry Meehan
This is the transitive form of the develops from relation
x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y
entity
continuant
occurrent
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants.
a surgical operation as processual context for a nosocomical infection
occurrent
perdurant
the life of an organism
the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life
the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis
the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
independent continuant
process
A processual entity that is a maximally connected spatiotemporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities.
process
the life of an organism
the process of cell-division
the process of sleeping
material entity
anatomical structure
material anatomical entity
cell component
multi-cell-component structure
neuron projection bundle
multicellular anatomical structure
cell
neuron
habitat
A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms.
membrane
axon
dendrite
presynaptic membrane
cell projection
neuron projection
synapse part
cell part
synapse
postsynaptic membrane
Acestrorhynchus falcatus
93098
225614
Brycinus nurse
52088
52089
310088
in contact
Lateral surface of anterior and posterior ceratohyals
Lateral surface of anterior and posterior ceratohyals: 1. without interdigitations 2. with interdigitations
without interdigitations
with interdigitations
Medial surface of anterior and posterior ceratohyals
Medial surface of anterior and posterior ceratohyals: 1. with interdigitations 2. without interdigitations 3. with interdigitations highly developed
with interdigitations
without interdigitations
Margins of first infraorbital and supraorbital
Margins of first infraorbital and supraorbital: 1. not interdigitating [contact of the first infraorbital and supraorbital a consequence of the lateral overlap of the dorsal portion of the first infraorbital with the ventral process of the supraorbital] 2. interdigitating [processes from the two ossifications interdigitate]
with interdigitations highly developed
not interdigitating [contact of the first infraorbital and supraorbital a consequence of the lateral overlap of the dorsal portion of the first infraorbital with the ventral process of the supraorbital]
Anterior portion of branchiostegal rays
Anterior portion of branchiostegal rays: 1. rounded 2. with distinct anteriorly directed attenuate process
rounded
with distinct anteriorly directed attenuate process
Brycon argenteus
293136
Posterior ceratohyal
Posterior ceratohyal: 1. with two attached branchiostegal rays 2. with one attached branchiostegal ray
with two attached branchiostegal rays
with one attached branchiostegal ray
Branchiostegal rays
Branchiostegal rays: 1. three of four rays 2. five rays
three of four rays
five rays
Interhyal
Interhyal: 1. cylindrical or slightly flattened 2. with distinct plate-like process posteriorly 3. with very large plate-like process posteriorly
cylindrical or slightly flattened
with distinct plate-like process posteriorly
with very large plate-like process posteriorly
Gill rakers on trailing edge of second through fourth ceratobranchials
Gill rakers on trailing edge of second through fourth ceratobranchials: 1. present 2. lacking on second and greatly reduced or missing on third and fourth
present
lacking on second and greatly reduced or missing on third and fourth
interdigitating [processes from the two ossifications interdigitate]
Mesoborus sp.
285674
Postcleithrum 3
Postcleithrum 3: 1. present 2. absent
present
absent
Postcleithrum 2
Postcleithrum 2: 1. present 2. absent
present
absent
Form of tripus
Form of tripus: 1. distinctly triangular anteriorly 2. elongate
distinctly triangular anteriorly
elongate
Medial margin of tripus
Medial margin of tripus: 1. without median process 2. with distinct medially directed process
without median process
with distinct medially directed process
Fourth pleural rib
Fourth pleural rib: 1. ventral portions situated under fourth centrum 2. angled posteriorly, with ventral portions extending distinctly under fifth centrum
ventral portions situated under fourth centrum
angled posteriorly, with ventral portions extending distinctly under fifth centrum
Tripus and fourth pleural rib
Tripus and fourth pleural rib: 1. joined by loose connective tissue 2. joined by variably developed ligament 3. joined by discrete ligament 4. joined by thick ligament
joined by loose connective tissue
joined by variably developed ligament
Dorsal ramus of first infraorbital
Dorsal ramus of first infraorbital: 1. small [small or absent dorsal ramus of IO1 with weaker interdigitations] 2. interdigitating [interdigitations between the dorsal ramus of the first infraorbital and the ventral process of the supraorbital more pronounced...dorsal ramus is proportionally larger in <i>Ctenolucius</i> than<i> Boulengerella</i>]
joined by discrete ligament
joined by thick ligament
small [small or absent dorsal ramus of IO1 with weaker interdigitations]
Transverse process of the third neural arch
Transverse process of the third neural arch: 1. narrow 2. wide
narrow
wide
Crenuchus spilurus
270132
225630
Transverse process of the third neural arch
Transverse process of the third neural arch: 1. extending anteriorly to laterally overlap the ascending process of intercalarium 2. falling short of ascending process of intercalarium 3. greatly reduced
extending anteriorly to laterally overlap the ascending process of intercalarium
falling short of ascending process of intercalarium
greatly reduced
Laterosensory canal system on body
Laterosensory canal system on body: 1. limited to anterior of body 2. complete
limited to anterior of body
complete
Scales
Scales: 1. not as in 1 2. scales with numerous closely approximated ridges terminating as series of strong teeth along scale margin
not as in 1
scales with numerous closely approximated ridges terminating as series of strong teeth along scale margin
Scales at rear of head
Scales at rear of head: 1. not extending over supraoccipital spine to medial portions of parietal 2. extending over supraoccipital spine to medial portions of parietal
not extending over supraoccipital spine to medial portions of parietal
extending over supraoccipital spine to medial portions of parietal
Scales at rear of parietal
Scales at rear of parietal: 1. scales inserting into such a groove 2. not inserting into groove along rear of parietal
scales inserting into such a groove
not inserting into groove along rear of parietal
Anal-fin rays
Anal-fin rays: 1. not sexually dimorphic 2. sexually dimorphic, with rays expanded
not sexually dimorphic
sexually dimorphic, with rays expanded
Anterior margins of anal-fin rays in males
Anterior margins of anal-fin rays in males: 1. asymmetrically developed, with asymmetry alternating on subsequent rays 2. symmetrically developed
asymmetrically developed, with asymmetry alternating on subsequent rays
symmetrically developed
Basal portions of third to eight anal-fin rays in males
Basal portions of third to eight anal-fin rays in males: 1. unmodified 2. with distinct lateral flanges
unmodified
Hydrocynus sp.
231342
with distinct lateral flanges
Posterior anal-fin rays
Posterior anal-fin rays: 1. relatively much larger in juveniles 2. approximately of same relative size in juveniles and adults
relatively much larger in juveniles
approximately of same relative size in juveniles and adults
interdigitating [interdigitations between the dorsal ramus of the first infraorbital and the ventral process of the supraorbital more pronounced...dorsal ramus is proportionally larger in <i>Ctenolucius</i> than<i> Boulengerella</i>]
Dorsal-fin position
Dorsal-fin position: 1. base of dorsal fin situated anterior to vertical through anterior of base of anal fin 2. base of dorsal fin situated, at least in part, posterior to vertical through anterior of base of anal fin
base of dorsal fin situated anterior to vertical through anterior of base of anal fin
base of dorsal fin situated, at least in part, posterior to vertical through anterior of base of anal fin
Adipose fin
Adipose fin: 1. present 2. absent (see comments in text concerning coding for <i>Nannostomus</i>)
present
absent (see comments in text concerning coding for <i>Nannostomus</i>)
Caudal fin bony stays
Caudal fin bony stays: 1. present 2. absent
present
absent
Dilatator operculi muscle
Dilatator operculi muscle: 1. origin limited to lateral surface of frontal and posterior surface of sphenotic spine, muscle fan-shape 2. origin not from lateral surface of frontal, but at least in part from within orbit, muscle pinnate
origin limited to lateral surface of frontal and posterior surface of sphenotic spine, muscle fan-shape
origin not from lateral surface of frontal, but at least in part from within orbit, muscle pinnate
Central portion of dilatator operculi muscle
Central portion of dilatator operculi muscle: 1. constricted, with central ligamentous band 2. neither constricted nor with central ligamentous band
constricted, with central ligamentous band
neither constricted nor with central ligamentous band
Hydrolycus pectoralis
231549
Anterior portion of dilatator operculi muscle
Anterior portion of dilatator operculi muscle: 1. not broadly expanded into orbit 2. expanded and reaching at least one-half distance across orbit 3. greatly expanded and reaching to lateral ethmoid
not broadly expanded into orbit
expanded and reaching at least one-half distance across orbit
greatly expanded and reaching to lateral ethmoid
Adductor mandibulae muscle
Adductor mandibulae muscle: 1. not arising from sphenotic spine 2. arising in part from sphenotic spine
not arising from sphenotic spine
arising in part from sphenotic spine
Levator arcus palatini muscle
Levator arcus palatini muscle: 1. arising only from ventral portion of sphenotic spine 2. arising from entire ventral margin of sphenotic spine
arising only from ventral portion of sphenotic spine
arising from entire ventral margin of sphenotic spine
Anal-fin pigmentation
Anal-fin pigmentation: 1. anal fin of juveniles not particularly dark 2. anal fin of juveniles black
anal fin of juveniles not particularly dark
anal fin of juveniles black
Lateral surface of first infraorbital
Lateral surface of first infraorbital: 1. no dorsal ridge 2. with dorsal ridge [distinct lateral ridge situated along the dorsal margin of the anterior portion of the laterosensory canal segment in the first infraorbital]
no dorsal ridge
Lepidarchus adonis
267290
with dorsal ridge [distinct lateral ridge situated along the dorsal margin of the anterior portion of the laterosensory canal segment in the first infraorbital]
Micralestes acutidens
304033
Anterior portion of first infraorbital
Anterior portion of first infraorbital: 1. not anteriorly expanded and not close to nasal 2. anteriorly expanded and nearly reaching nasal
not anteriorly expanded and not close to nasal
Moojenichthys myersi
304497
anteriorly expanded and nearly reaching nasal
Oligosarcus hepsetus
278988
Medial surface of first infraorbital
Medial surface of first infraorbital: 1. without horizontal shelf 2. with horizontal shelf
without horizontal shelf
Acestrorhynchus macrolepis
278988
Petersius intermedius
310844
326309
with horizontal shelf
Phenacogrammus interruptus
163405
Supraorbital
Supraorbital: 1. present 2. absent
present
absent
Phenacogrammus pabrensis
326209
Supraorbital
Supraorbital: 1. without deep-lying canal system 2. with deep-lying canal system
without deep-lying canal system
Rhaphiodon vulpinus
231549
with deep-lying canal system
Medial surface of supraorbital
Medial surface of supraorbital: 1. without vertically aligned process 2. with vertically aligned process
without vertically aligned process
Salminus sp.
319315
with vertically aligned process
Triportheus angulatus
270343
Fourth infraorbital
Fourth infraorbital: 1. reduced or absent 2. well developed
reduced or absent
Citharinus citharus
52146
well developed
Fifth infraorbital
Fifth infraorbital: 1. forming portion of orbital rim 2. excluded from orbital rim
forming portion of orbital rim
Boulengerella cuvieri
93100
326304
319784
excluded from orbital rim
Fifth infraorbital
Fifth infraorbital: 1. without laterosensory canal segment along dorsal margin 2. with laterosensory canal segment along dorsal margin
without laterosensory canal segment along dorsal margin
Boulengerella lateristriga
270331
with laterosensory canal segment along dorsal margin
Boulengerella lucius
319782
326202
Posterodorsal portion of laterosensory canal system in sixth infraorbital
Posterodorsal portion of laterosensory canal system in sixth infraorbital: 1. present 2. absent
present
Acestrorhynchus guianensis
258162
Boulengerella maculata
391780
179506
319781
93099
absent
Anterodorsal portion of laterosensory canal system in sixth infraorbital
Anterodorsal portion of laterosensory canal system in sixth infraorbital: 1. present 2. reduced or absent
present
Boulengerella xyrekes
319783
reduced or absent
Ctenolucius beani
226435
293169
310488
Nasal
Nasal: 1. tubular 2. with dorsal and ventral lamellae
Ctenolucius hujeta
121334
tubular
with dorsal and ventral lamellae
Opsariichthys bidens
10955
Congocharax olbrechtsi
227394
Nasal
Nasal: 1. length less than width of orbit 2. slightly longer than orbit 3. distinctly longer than orbit
length less than width of orbit
slightly longer than orbit
Distichodus sp.
175436
distinctly longer than orbit
Eugnathichthys sp.
326204
Nasal
Nasal: 1. situated anterior to frontal 2. situated at least partially anterior to supraorbital
situated anterior to frontal
situated at least partially anterior to supraorbital
Hemistichodus sp.
326203
Mesethmoid and vomer
Mesethmoid and vomer: 1. medial process of vomer inserting into matching depression on posteroventral surface mesethmoid 2. abutting each other ventrally or with vomer overlapping ventral surface of mesethmoid
medial process of vomer inserting into matching depression on posteroventral surface mesethmoid
Nannocharax intermedius
231555
abutting each other ventrally or with vomer overlapping ventral surface of mesethmoid
Lateral ethmoid [The lateral ethmoid of most characiforms bears a blade-like ventral process that forms the anterior wall of the orbit. Various groups in the order have the medial portion of the ventral blade expanded into a flattened process, typically capped with cartilage, that contacts a comparable cartilaginous process of the palatine. When present, such articular surfaces on the lateral ethmoid in characiform outgroups are round or only slightly transversely elongate and small relative to the main body of the ventral wing. In contrast, ctenoluciids have the articular surfaces on the lateral ethmoid significantly larger than the reduced blade-like portion of the bone, and the articular surfaces are expanded into a distinctly transversely elongate surface, a restructuring not encountered elsewhere in characiforms]
Lateral ethmoid [The lateral ethmoid of most characiforms bears a blade-like ventral process that forms the anterior wall of the orbit. Various groups in the order have the medial portion of the ventral blade expanded into a flattened process, typically capped with cartilage, that contacts a comparable cartilaginous process of the palatine. When present, such articular surfaces on the lateral ethmoid in characiform outgroups are round or only slightly transversely elongate and small relative to the main body of the ventral wing. In contrast, ctenoluciids have the articular surfaces on the lateral ethmoid significantly larger than the reduced blade-like portion of the bone, and the articular surfaces are expanded into a distinctly transversely elongate surface, a restructuring not encountered elsewhere in characiforms]: 1. with well-developed blade-like process laterally, and no process or small process for articulation with palatine 2. with relatively small blade-like process laterally, and prominent transversely elongate process articulating with palatine
Acestrorhynchus heterolepis
93095
Paradistichodus dimidiatus
213556
with well-developed blade-like process laterally, and no process or small process for articulation with palatine
Xenocharax spilurus
227693
Erythrinus erythrinus
199203
163759
260223
with relatively small blade-like process laterally, and prominent transversely elongate process articulating with palatine
Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus
305370
225313
264020
Hoplias cf. malabaricus
226265
310671
303853
308914
308910
Frontal
Frontal: 1. not distinctly expanded anteriorly along margin of nasal 2. distinctly expanded anteriorly along margin of nasal
not distinctly expanded anteriorly along margin of nasal
distinctly expanded anteriorly along margin of nasal
Hepsetus odoe
303782
179331
304047
304096
Sphenotic spine
Sphenotic spine: 1. spine approximately vertical, with dorsal portion proximate to main portion of bone and continuous with ventral surface of frontal 2. spine more horizontal, with dorsal portion proximate to main portion of bone and not continuous with ventral surface of frontal
spine approximately vertical, with dorsal portion proximate to main portion of bone and continuous with ventral surface of frontal
Copella eigenmanni
uncat.
spine more horizontal, with dorsal portion proximate to main portion of bone and not continuous with ventral surface of frontal
Copella sp.
106.131
Frontal
Frontal: 1. without lateral process extending to contact lateral process of sphenotic 2. with lateral process extending to contact lateral process of sphenotic
without lateral process extending to contact lateral process of sphenotic
Lebiasina bimaculata
88692
326206
326205
with lateral process extending to contact lateral process of sphenotic
Lebiasina sp.
326208
Sphenotic spine
Sphenotic spine: 1. extending anteriorly to transverse plane through joint between pterosphenoid and orbitosphenoid 2. extending anteriorly to transverse plane through joint between sphenotic and pterosphenoid 3. extending anteriorly distinctly anterior to transverse plane through joint between pterosphenoid and orbitosphenoid
extending anteriorly to transverse plane through joint between pterosphenoid and orbitosphenoid
extending anteriorly to transverse plane through joint between sphenotic and pterosphenoid
Agoniates sp.
243222
Nannostomus beckfordi
uncat.
extending anteriorly distinctly anterior to transverse plane through joint between pterosphenoid and orbitosphenoid
Nannostomus eques
272329
Epiphyseal bar
Epiphyseal bar: 1. epiphyseal bar either a distinct transverse bar within fronto-parietal fontanel, or a ridge across ventral surface of frontal 2. no indication of epiphyseal bar
epiphyseal bar either a distinct transverse bar within fronto-parietal fontanel, or a ridge across ventral surface of frontal
Piabucina panamensis
304211
78658
no indication of epiphyseal bar
Parietal branch of laterosensory canal in frontal and parietal
Parietal branch of laterosensory canal in frontal and parietal: 1. present 2. absent
present
Pyrrhulina semifasciata
uncat.
absent
Pyrrhulina sp.
326207
Apareiodon affinis
uncat.
Posterior portion of supraorbital canal that contacts pterotic canal
Posterior portion of supraorbital canal that contacts pterotic canal: 1. present 2. absent
present
Apareiodon piracicaba
20467
absent
Saccodon dariensis
uncat.
208505
208503
Supratemporal laterosensory canal segment in parietal
Supratemporal laterosensory canal segment in parietal: 1. complete 2. reduced
complete
Saccodon wagneri
49956
reduced
Brycon falcatus
226161
Pterotic
Pterotic: 1. extending anteriorly to sphenotic spine 2. not extending anterior to sphenotic spine
extending anteriorly to sphenotic spine
Alestes dentex
224869
Bryconaethiops sp.
176365
not extending anterior to sphenotic spine
Supraoccipital
Supraoccipital: 1. not extending dorsally to surface of head anteromedially 2. extending dorsally to surface of head anteromedially
not extending dorsally to surface of head anteromedially
Parodon suborbitalis
231552
205671
extending dorsally to surface of head anteromedially
Antorbital
Antorbital: 1. present 2. absent
Plate-like suprapreopercle
Plate-like suprapreopercle: 1. absent 2. present
absent
present
present
Premaxilla
Premaxilla: 1. not distinctly elongate 2. elongate
not distinctly elongate
elongate
Premaxilla
Premaxilla: 1. margin not distinctly convex anteriorly 2. margin distinctly convex anteriorly
margin not distinctly convex anteriorly
margin distinctly convex anteriorly
Premaxilla
Premaxilla: 1. medial margin anterior to tip of mesethmoid straight 2. medial margin anterior to tip of mesethmoid concave
medial margin anterior to tip of mesethmoid straight
medial margin anterior to tip of mesethmoid concave
Maxilla
Maxilla: 1. with distinct anterodorsal process and movably articulated with premaxilla 2. lacking distinct anterodorsal process and immovably attached to rear of premaxilla
with distinct anterodorsal process and movably articulated with premaxilla
absent
lacking distinct anterodorsal process and immovably attached to rear of premaxilla
Posteroventral margin of maxilla
Posteroventral margin of maxilla: 1. smoothly rounded 2. distinct notched
smoothly rounded
Alestes lateralis
285664
distinct notched
Ligamentum primordiale
Ligamentum primordiale: 1. relatively flat and attaching to anterodorsal portion of maxilla 2. distinctly thickened and attaching to central portion of maxilla
relatively flat and attaching to anterodorsal portion of maxilla
distinctly thickened and attaching to central portion of maxilla
First infraorbital
First infraorbital: 1. anterior portion not elaborated 2. anterior portion with medial and anterior processes
Area of attachment of ligamentum primordiale in maxilla
Area of attachment of ligamentum primordiale in maxilla: 1. without distinct process 2. with distinct process
without distinct process
with distinct process
anterior portion not elaborated
Snout
Snout: 1. without elongate fleshy process at tip in mid-size specimens 2. with elongate fleshy process at tip in mid-size specimens
without elongate fleshy process at tip in mid-size specimens
with elongate fleshy process at tip in mid-size specimens
Dentary and Meckel's cartilage
Dentary and Meckel's cartilage: 1. not distinctly elongate 2. elongate
not distinctly elongate
elongate
Median mandibular fossa
Median mandibular fossa: 1. largely open medially 2. largely enclosed by broad plate extending ventrally from dorsomedial margin of main portion of dentary
largely open medially
largely enclosed by broad plate extending ventrally from dorsomedial margin of main portion of dentary
Coronomeckelian bone
Coronomeckelian bone: 1. situated dorsal of Meckel's cartilage 2. located within Meckel's cartilage
situated dorsal of Meckel's cartilage
located within Meckel's cartilage
Brycinus longipinnis
285665
310061
Area of attachment of ligamentum primordiale on lower jaw
Area of attachment of ligamentum primordiale on lower jaw: 1. broad attachment onto fascia of adductor mandibulae muscle and rear of lower jaw 2. restricted attachment onto distinct process and adjoining region of posteroventral portion of angulo-articular
broad attachment onto fascia of adductor mandibulae muscle and rear of lower jaw
anterior portion with medial and anterior processes
restricted attachment onto distinct process and adjoining region of posteroventral portion of angulo-articular
Dorsoventrally flattened flap of tissue extending horizontally along lower jaw
Dorsoventrally flattened flap of tissue extending horizontally along lower jaw: 1. absent 2. present
absent
present
Teeth
Teeth: 1. not as in 1 [state 1 is: large and compressed distally] 2. large and compressed distally
not as in 1 [state 1 is: large and compressed distally]
large and compressed distally
Crown of teeth
Crown of teeth: 1. not recurved 2. recurved
not recurved
recurved
Relative size of teeth along premaxilla
Relative size of teeth along premaxilla: 1. not as in 1 [state 1 is: smallest teeth in jaw in a series anteriorly, bracketed anteriorly and posteriorly by distinctly larger teeth] 2. smallest teeth in jaw in a series anteriorly, bracketed anteriorly and posteriorly by distinctly larger teeth
not as in 1 [state 1 is: smallest teeth in jaw in a series anteriorly, bracketed anteriorly and posteriorly by distinctly larger teeth]
smallest teeth in jaw in a series anteriorly, bracketed anteriorly and posteriorly by distinctly larger teeth
Teeth at anterior of premaxillae
Teeth at anterior of premaxillae: 1. forming arch anteriorly 2. meeting at acute angle anteriorly
forming arch anteriorly
meeting at acute angle anteriorly
Portion of palatine articulating with lateral ethmoid
Portion of palatine articulating with lateral ethmoid: 1. cartilaginous laterally 2. ossified laterally
cartilaginous laterally
ossified laterally
Brycinus macrolepidotus
310067
Attachment of anterior portion of suspensorium to neurocranium
Attachment of anterior portion of suspensorium to neurocranium: 1. not as in 1 2. via a thick ligament extending from palatine to mesethmoid
not as in 1
via a thick ligament extending from palatine to mesethmoid
Palatine
Palatine: 1. without distinct anterior process in region of attachment of ligament to mesethmoid 2. with distinct anterior process in region of attachment of ligament to mesethmoid
without distinct anterior process in region of attachment of ligament to mesethmoid
with distinct anterior process in region of attachment of ligament to mesethmoid
Ectopterygoid teeth
Ectopterygoid teeth: 1. not as in 1 [state 1 is: in two or three irregular rows, with teeth approximately one-half size of jaw teeth] 2. in two or three irregular rows, with teeth approximately one-half size of jaw teeth
not as in 1 [state 1 is: in two or three irregular rows, with teeth approximately one-half size of jaw teeth]
First infraorbital and supraorbital
First infraorbital and supraorbital: 1. separate 2. in contact
in two or three irregular rows, with teeth approximately one-half size of jaw teeth
separate
Mesopterygoid teeth
Mesopterygoid teeth: 1. absent 2. present
absent
present
Metapterygoid-quadrate fenestra
Metapterygoid-quadrate fenestra: 1. distinct rotund or ovate opening 2. absent
distinct rotund or ovate opening
absent
Basihyal cartilage
Basihyal cartilage: 1. single cartilage at anterior of basihyal 2. pair of cartilages at anterior of basihyal
single cartilage at anterior of basihyal
pair of cartilages at anterior of basihyal