never in taxon
PMID:17921072
tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves'
?X DisjointWith RO_0002162 some ?Y
Chris Mungall
PMID:20973947
x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL.
shorthand
imported from
part of
part_of
has part
has_part
inheres in
inheres_in
inheres_in
is bearer of
bearer of
bearer_of
participates in
participates_in
participates_in
connected to
David Osumi-Sutherland
X connected_to Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary.
has component
For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint.
develops from
Chris Mungall
Melissa Haendel
David Osumi-Sutherland
Terry Meehan
This is the transitive form of the develops from relation
x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y
entity
continuant
occurrent
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants.
a surgical operation as processual context for a nosocomical infection
occurrent
perdurant
the life of an organism
the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life
the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis
the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
independent continuant
process
A processual entity that is a maximally connected spatiotemporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities.
process
the life of an organism
the process of cell-division
the process of sleeping
material entity
anatomical structure
material anatomical entity
cell component
multi-cell-component structure
neuron projection bundle
multicellular anatomical structure
cell
neuron
habitat
A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms.
membrane
axon
dendrite
presynaptic membrane
cell projection
neuron projection
synapse part
cell part
synapse
postsynaptic membrane
Hemiodopsis microlepis
15176
Aphyodite grammica
14927
Dorsal-fin color pattern
Dorsal-fin color pattern: 1. not pigmented or with a pattern different from state 1 2. presence of a small and distinct black spot approximately at distal tip of first unbranched ray and midpoint of second unbranched ray
not pigmented or with a pattern different from state 1
Pseudotympanum anterior to the first pleural rib
Pseudotympanum anterior to the first pleural rib: 1. absent; if present, involve different muscle or rib limits than those describe in state 1 2. presence of a pseudotympanum anterior to the first pleural rib, limited dorsally by the lateralis superficialis muscle, posteriorly by a naked anterior surface of the first pleural rib, and anteroventrally by the obliquus superioris muscle
presence of a small and distinct black spot approximately at distal tip of first unbranched ray and midpoint of second unbranched ray
Dorsal-fin color pattern
Dorsal-fin color pattern: 1. not pigmented or with a pattern different from state 1 2. dorsal-fin with black pigment along distal portion of first 4 or 5 branched rays 3. dorsal-fin with strongly black pigment along mid-length of second unbranched and first 5 branched rays, and with weakly pigment on distal portions of these
not pigmented or with a pattern different from state 1
absent; if present, involve different muscle or rib limits than those describe in state 1
dorsal-fin with black pigment along distal portion of first 4 or 5 branched rays
dorsal-fin with strongly black pigment along mid-length of second unbranched and first 5 branched rays, and with weakly pigment on distal portions of these
Dorsal-fin color pattern
Dorsal-fin color pattern: 1. not pigmented or with a pattern different from state 1 2. black spot on dorsal-fin, along mid-length of second unbranched to sixth branched ray
not pigmented or with a pattern different from state 1
black spot on dorsal-fin, along mid-length of second unbranched to sixth branched ray
Anal-fin color pattern
Anal-fin color pattern: 1. not pigmented or with a pattern different from state 1 2. more strongly pigmented along distal portion of branched anal-fin rays
not pigmented or with a pattern different from state 1
more strongly pigmented along distal portion of branched anal-fin rays
Neuromasts
Neuromasts: 1. distributed along lateral line; if exposed, not discernible 2. complex, patterned series of exposed neuromasts distributed on head and body
distributed along lateral line; if exposed, not discernible
complex, patterned series of exposed neuromasts distributed on head and body
Insemination
Insemination: 1. absent 2. present
absent
present
Astyanax eigenmanniorum
10310
Sperm nuclei
Sperm nuclei: 1. spherical 2. elongate
spherical
elongate
presence of a pseudotympanum anterior to the first pleural rib, limited dorsally by the lateralis superficialis muscle, posteriorly by a naked anterior surface of the first pleural rib, and anteroventrally by the obliquus superioris muscle
Tooth cusp number in premaxilla of adult specimens
Tooth cusp number in premaxilla of adult specimens: 1. 5-7 cusps 2. conical [Also p. 221: 1-3 cusps] 3. 7-9 cusps 4. 9-11 cusps 5. 3-5 cusps
5-7 cusps
conical [Also p. 221: 1-3 cusps]
7-9 cusps
9-11 cusps
3-5 cusps
Caudal peduncle of mature males
Caudal peduncle of mature males: 1. aligned with main body axis 2. deeply arched ventrally, the last vertebrae reaching a 45 degrees position relative to the first caudal vertebrae
aligned with main body axis
Astyanax fasciatus
9747
deeply arched ventrally, the last vertebrae reaching a 45 degrees position relative to the first caudal vertebrae
Atopomesus pachyodus
14926
Symphyseal dentary joint
Symphyseal dentary joint: 1. presence of intercalated bony folds 2. articulates through rounded bony surfaces joined by tough ligamentous tissue
presence of intercalated bony folds
articulates through rounded bony surfaces joined by tough ligamentous tissue
Aulixidens eugeniae
162068
15150
Dentary
Dentary: 1. lacking a large anterior fenestra 2. bearing a large anterior fenestra
lacking a large anterior fenestra
bearing a large anterior fenestra
Axelrodia sp.
not in matrix (TTO update not needed)
23684
Posterior tip of maxilla
Posterior tip of maxilla: 1. enlarged 2. narrow
enlarged
Brittanichthys axelrodi
14931
narrow
Brycon pesu
15241
Maxillary shape
Maxillary shape: 1. elongate, with tooth-bearing portion angled relatively to premaxilla 2. curved, with tooth-bearing portion continuous with premaxilla and angled relatively to non toothbearing portion
elongate, with tooth-bearing portion angled relatively to premaxilla
curved, with tooth-bearing portion continuous with premaxilla and angled relatively to non toothbearing portion
Brycon sp.
not in matrix (TTO update not needed)
21872
Length of maxilla
Length of maxilla: 1. posterior tip reaching 1/3 of distance along length of infraorbital 2 2. posterior tip reaching area of contact between infraorbitals 1 and 2
posterior tip reaching 1/3 of distance along length of infraorbital 2
Bryconella pallidifrons
236065
216205
216701
posterior tip reaching area of contact between infraorbitals 1 and 2
Ammocryptocharax elegans
15131
Charax stenopterus
9038
9043
11298
Infraorbitals
Infraorbitals: 1. infraorbitals 1 to 6 present 2. Infraorbital 1 absent or fused with infraorbital 2. One large bony element located in usual position of infraorbital 2. Another infraorbital, extremely reduced in size placed in the position of infraorbital 3 (absent in Spintherobolus broccae). Infraorbitals 4 through 6 absent, at least as ossifications
infraorbitals 1 to 6 present
Coptobrycon bilineatus
4516
Infraorbital 1 absent or fused with infraorbital 2. One large bony element located in usual position of infraorbital 2. Another infraorbital, extremely reduced in size placed in the position of infraorbital 3 (absent in Spintherobolus broccae). Infraorbitals 4 through 6 absent, at least as ossifications
Infraorbital 1
Infraorbital 1: 1. laterosensory tube present 2. laterosensory tube absent
laterosensory tube present
Diapoma terofali
9035
14162
laterosensory tube absent
Grundulus bogotensis
7133
Elongation of second dorsal-fin ray of males
Elongation of second dorsal-fin ray of males: 1. absent 2. present
absent
present
Hemigrammus rhodostomus
14921
Adipose fin
Adipose fin: 1. present 2. absent
present
absent
Henochilus sp.
not in matrix (TTO update not needed)
320019
Coracoid
Coracoid: 1. elongate 2. reduced in length, and more or less discoid in shape
elongate
Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus
9976
reduced in length, and more or less discoid in shape
Pelvic fin rays
Pelvic fin rays: 1. i + 7 2. i + 5-6
Hyphessobrycon meridionalis
14809
9849
i + 7
i + 5-6
Leptagoniates pi
12400
Elongated unbranched pelvic-fin ray of males
Elongated unbranched pelvic-fin ray of males: 1. absent 2. present
absent
present
Leptagoniates steindachneri
26645
Hooks on the pelvic-fin rays of females
Hooks on the pelvic-fin rays of females: 1. absent 2. present
absent
Characidium tenue
11308
Leptobrycon jatuaranae
14936
present
Anal-fin rays of males
Anal-fin rays of males: 1. anal-fin rays usually circular in cross section and progressively reduced in diameter from the anteriormost element to the most posterior one 2. the anterior branched anal-fin rays 1 through 6-8 (usually those bearing hooks) slab shaped and more expanded in the sagittal plane than comparable rays in females 3. the anterior branched male anal-fin rays 1 through 4-5 (usually those bearing hooks) slab shaped and more expanded in the sagittal plane than comparable rays in females
anal-fin rays usually circular in cross section and progressively reduced in diameter from the anteriormost element to the most posterior one
Megalamphodus megalopterus
14510
the anterior branched anal-fin rays 1 through 6-8 (usually those bearing hooks) slab shaped and more expanded in the sagittal plane than comparable rays in females
Megalamphodus uruguayensis
13080
the anterior branched male anal-fin rays 1 through 4-5 (usually those bearing hooks) slab shaped and more expanded in the sagittal plane than comparable rays in females
Anal-fin ray segments
Anal-fin ray segments: 1. not fused 2. ray segments of the expanded rays progressively fused to one another as the males become fully mature
not fused
Microschemobrycon sp.
not in matrix (TTO update not needed)
14929
ray segments of the expanded rays progressively fused to one another as the males become fully mature
Microschemobrycon guaporensis
74692
40107
Proximal ends of the anal-fin rays of males
Proximal ends of the anal-fin rays of males: 1. lacking an anterior extension 2. with their lepidotrich bases extended anteriorly
lacking an anterior extension
with their lepidotrich bases extended anteriorly
Mixobrycon ribeiroi
59778
Anal-fin profile
Anal-fin profile: 1. lacking elongation of the last unbranched anal-fin ray and first two branched anal-fin rays in males 2. sexually dimorphic anal-fin shape, with the last unbranched anal-fin ray and first two branched anal-fin rays of males elongated and longer than in females
lacking elongation of the last unbranched anal-fin ray and first two branched anal-fin rays in males
Monotocheirodon pearsoni
59792
sexually dimorphic anal-fin shape, with the last unbranched anal-fin ray and first two branched anal-fin rays of males elongated and longer than in females
Ligaments between anal-fin rays of males
Ligaments between anal-fin rays of males: 1. a small ligament uniting anal-fin rays proximally 2. presence of huge obliquely aligned ligaments between enlarged anal-fin rays of males, connected approximately at midlength of posterior face of the basal segment of lepidotrichia to the most proximal anterior face of the opposing basal segment of lepidotrichia. Ligament diameter nearly equal to expanded anal-fin ray diameter
a small ligament uniting anal-fin rays proximally
Oligosarcus jenynsii
9523
presence of huge obliquely aligned ligaments between enlarged anal-fin rays of males, connected approximately at midlength of posterior face of the basal segment of lepidotrichia to the most proximal anterior face of the opposing basal segment of lepidotrichia. Ligament diameter nearly equal to expanded anal-fin ray diameter
Number of hooks per bony ray segment in anal fin of males
Number of hooks per bony ray segment in anal fin of males: 1. 1-2 hooks on posterior border of hook-bearing anal-fin ray segments 2. 2-5 hooks on the posterior border of hook-bearing anal-fin ray segments
Othonocheirodus eigenmanni
17946
1-2 hooks on posterior border of hook-bearing anal-fin ray segments
2-5 hooks on the posterior border of hook-bearing anal-fin ray segments
Othonocheirodus lethostigmus
13657
Occurrence of hooks on first branched anal-fin ray of males
Occurrence of hooks on first branched anal-fin ray of males: 1. distributed from the first branched ray along variable number of anal-fin rays (sometimes starting on last one or two unbranched rays) 2. lack of hooks in the first branched anal-fin ray
distributed from the first branched ray along variable number of anal-fin rays (sometimes starting on last one or two unbranched rays)
lack of hooks in the first branched anal-fin ray
Crenuchus sp.
not in matrix (TTO update not needed)
20310
Paracheirodon axelrodi
11995
11994
Distribution of hooks on anal-fin rays
Distribution of hooks on anal-fin rays: 1. distributed along variable number of anal-fin rays 2. hooks well-developed on slab shaped anal-fin rays only, along almost their entire lengths
distributed along variable number of anal-fin rays
hooks well-developed on slab shaped anal-fin rays only, along almost their entire lengths
Paragoniates alburnus
14924
Anal-fin hooks arrangement
Anal-fin hooks arrangement: 1. anal-fin hooks paired, bilaterally symmetrical 2. anal-fin hooks bilaterally asymmetrical, with irregular arrangements, unpaired, and differing in number and position between contralateral segments of lepidotrichia
anal-fin hooks paired, bilaterally symmetrical
Parapristella aubynei
14922
anal-fin hooks bilaterally asymmetrical, with irregular arrangements, unpaired, and differing in number and position between contralateral segments of lepidotrichia
Anal-fin hooks of males
Anal-fin hooks of males: 1. positioned along posterolateral border of anal-fin rays, with their distal tips dorsally curved and oriented towards anal-fin base 2. positioned along the posterolateral border of the anal-fin rays, with distal tip curved over lateral surface of the anal-fin rays and directed to the anterior surface of anal-fin ray
positioned along posterolateral border of anal-fin rays, with their distal tips dorsally curved and oriented towards anal-fin base
Parecbasis cyclolepis
26146
positioned along the posterolateral border of the anal-fin rays, with distal tip curved over lateral surface of the anal-fin rays and directed to the anterior surface of anal-fin ray
Distribution of hooks along anal-fin rays
Distribution of hooks along anal-fin rays: 1. more numerous along middle of length of anal-fin rays, with reduced number on proximal and distal portions 2. anal-fin hooks distributed along distal half or third portion of anal-fin rays
more numerous along middle of length of anal-fin rays, with reduced number on proximal and distal portions
Parecbasis oligolepis
not in matrix (TTO update not needed)
77451
77444
anal-fin hooks distributed along distal half or third portion of anal-fin rays
Number of hooks along anal-fin rays
Number of hooks along anal-fin rays: 1. number progressively reduced from anterior to posterior anal-fin rays 2. more numerous in both anterior and posterior portions of anal fin, reduced in middle portion of anal fin
Petitella georgiae
uncat.
number progressively reduced from anterior to posterior anal-fin rays
more numerous in both anterior and posterior portions of anal fin, reduced in middle portion of anal fin
Phenacogaster jancupa
16129
Hooks distribution on anal-fin rays
Hooks distribution on anal-fin rays: 1. distributed along variable number of anal-fin rays, and different from state 1 2. hooks well-developed on anal-fin rays i, 4 only
distributed along variable number of anal-fin rays, and different from state 1
hooks well-developed on anal-fin rays i, 4 only
Prionobrama filigera
25995
Hooks distribution on anal-fin rays
Hooks distribution on anal-fin rays: 1. distributed along variable number of anal-fin rays, and different from state 1 2. hooks well-developed on anal-fin rays i, 5 only
distributed along variable number of anal-fin rays, and different from state 1
hooks well-developed on anal-fin rays i, 5 only
Prionobrama paraguayensis
14923
Hypural 1
Hypural 1: 1. hypural 1 autogenous 2. hypural 1 fused to parhypural
hypural 1 autogenous
hypural 1 fused to parhypural
Pristella maxillaris
72927
Caudal-fin support
Caudal-fin support: 1. hemal spines of most posterior one, two, or sometimes three caudal vertebrae directly articulating with the ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays 2. hemal spines of at least the four posterior caudal vertebrae, those anterior to the terminal "half centrum" and its processes elongate and associated with the ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray supports
hemal spines of most posterior one, two, or sometimes three caudal vertebrae directly articulating with the ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays
Elachocharax pulcher
15139
Probolodus heterostomus
13813
hemal spines of at least the four posterior caudal vertebrae, those anterior to the terminal "half centrum" and its processes elongate and associated with the ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray supports
Pseudopristella simulata
73021
73082
72073
Hemal spines
Hemal spines: 1. hemal spines of the posterior three caudal vertebrae elongate 2. hemal spines of the four posterior caudal vertebrae of adult males, those anterior to the terminal "half centrum" and its processes with slab-shaped tips
hemal spines of the posterior three caudal vertebrae elongate
hemal spines of the four posterior caudal vertebrae of adult males, those anterior to the terminal "half centrum" and its processes with slab-shaped tips
Rachoviscus crassiceps
18564
Caudal-fin rays
Caudal-fin rays: 1. lacking curved or concave portions 2. twelfth and thirteenth caudal-fin rays curved, dorsally concave along their proximal half length, bearing ventrally expanded segments 3. thirteenth and fourteenth caudal-fin rays curved, dorsally concave along their proximal half length, bearing ventrally expanded segments
lacking curved or concave portions
Rhoadsia altipinna
42793
twelfth and thirteenth caudal-fin rays curved, dorsally concave along their proximal half length, bearing ventrally expanded segments
Roeboides prognatus
misspelled species name
12444
thirteenth and fourteenth caudal-fin rays curved, dorsally concave along their proximal half length, bearing ventrally expanded segments
Distance between caudal-fin rays
Distance between caudal-fin rays: 1. no difference among caudal-fin rays 2. distance between twelfth and thirteenth caudal-fin rays increasing and filled with hypertrophied tissues 3. the thirteenth through the fifteenth principal caudal-fin rays of males ventrally bowed, with wider spaces between principal caudal-fin rays twelve to fifteen than found between other caudal-fin rays 4. distance between fifteenth and seventeenth caudal-fin rays increasing and filled with hypertrophied soft tissues
no difference among caudal-fin rays
Tetragonopterus chalceus
8806
14013
distance between twelfth and thirteenth caudal-fin rays increasing and filled with hypertrophied tissues
the thirteenth through the fifteenth principal caudal-fin rays of males ventrally bowed, with wider spaces between principal caudal-fin rays twelve to fifteen than found between other caudal-fin rays
Thrissobrycon pectinifer
14932
distance between fifteenth and seventeenth caudal-fin rays increasing and filled with hypertrophied soft tissues
Tyttobrycon sp.
not in matrix (TTO update not needed)
14933
Skin flaps along the caudal and dorsal-fin rays
Skin flaps along the caudal and dorsal-fin rays: 1. smooth 2. marginated with papillae
smooth
marginated with papillae
Tyttobrycon dorsimaculatus
139720
Skin flaps along lower lobe caudal-fin rays
Skin flaps along lower lobe caudal-fin rays: 1. not excessively developed; if developed not associated with fifteenth through nineteenth caudal-fin rays 2. well-developed roundish skin flaps along the dorsal margins of fifteenth to nineteenth caudal-fin rays
not excessively developed; if developed not associated with fifteenth through nineteenth caudal-fin rays
Tyttobrycon hamatus
139719
well-developed roundish skin flaps along the dorsal margins of fifteenth to nineteenth caudal-fin rays
Skin flaps along ventral lobe caudal-fin rays
Skin flaps along ventral lobe caudal-fin rays: 1. not excessively developed; if developed not associated with fourteenth caudal-fin ray 2. the fourteenth principal caudal-fin ray has a dorsally extending skin flap along the proximal two thirds of its length. This does not overlap the thirteenth principal caudal-fin ray. The tissue between the fourteenth and fifteenth principal caudal-fin rays of males has a large dorsally extending flap that overlaps the fourteenth ray along almost its entire length. There is a ventral, smaller flap, along the posterior half of this structure that does not overlap the fifteenth principal caudal-fin ray ventrally
not excessively developed; if developed not associated with fourteenth caudal-fin ray
Aphyocharacidium bolivianum
56010
Tyttobrycon xeruini
139718
the fourteenth principal caudal-fin ray has a dorsally extending skin flap along the proximal two thirds of its length. This does not overlap the thirteenth principal caudal-fin ray. The tissue between the fourteenth and fifteenth principal caudal-fin rays of males has a large dorsally extending flap that overlaps the fourteenth ray along almost its entire length. There is a ventral, smaller flap, along the posterior half of this structure that does not overlap the fifteenth principal caudal-fin ray ventrally
Xenurobrycon macropus
10817
Caudal-fin hooks
Caudal-fin hooks: 1. absent 2. dorsally situated, retrorse, laterally and ventrally curved, oriented toward the caudal-fin base and ventral margin of caudal fin 3. dorsally situated, straight, angled toward caudal-fin base
absent
dorsally situated, retrorse, laterally and ventrally curved, oriented toward the caudal-fin base and ventral margin of caudal fin
Aphyocheirodon hemigrammus
Duplicate taxa?
57821
9152
16637
dorsally situated, straight, angled toward caudal-fin base
Cheirodon pisciculus
11986
11987
Small and flexible spines along proximal portion of ventral lobe principal caudal-fin rays
Small and flexible spines along proximal portion of ventral lobe principal caudal-fin rays: 1. absent 2. present
absent
Cheirodontops geayi
14954
present
Hooks on caudal-fin rays
Hooks on caudal-fin rays: 1. absent 2. hooks present on caudal-fin rays 13, 14-17,18 3. hooks distributed along distal portions of principal caudal-fin rays 11 to 14 4. hooks present on caudal-fin rays 12-16
absent
Compsura heterura
17513
57825
39177
57826
hooks present on caudal-fin rays 13, 14-17,18
hooks distributed along distal portions of principal caudal-fin rays 11 to 14
Holoshesthes pequira
62633:3
57160:1
62633:5
57160:2
62633:4
57160:4
57160:3
62633:6
hooks present on caudal-fin rays 12-16
Number of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males
Number of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males: 1. 5 to 11 ventral elements, a number nearly identical to or slightly smaller than dorsal series 2. 16 to 30 ventral elements, a number always larger than and never overlapping number of dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 3. 11 to 16 ventral elements, a number nearly identical to or slightly smaller than the dorsal series
Macropsobrycon uruguayanae
11996
12009
5 to 11 ventral elements, a number nearly identical to or slightly smaller than dorsal series
16 to 30 ventral elements, a number always larger than and never overlapping number of dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays
Odontostilbe fugitiva
42845
11 to 16 ventral elements, a number nearly identical to or slightly smaller than the dorsal series
Sexual dimorphism in number of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays
Sexual dimorphism in number of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays: 1. absent 2. larger number of rays in males, not overlapping observed ranges in females
absent
Prodontocharax melanotus
26068
larger number of rays in males, not overlapping observed ranges in females
Lepidotrichia of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of females
Lepidotrichia of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of females: 1. lepidotrichia form "V" shaped bone in frontal view with its two halves fused only distally 2. anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of females have proximal portions of ray-halves fused to each other, but retaining opening near their distal tips; giving a needlelike shape to these rays 3. the 2, 3, or 4 anteriormost ventral procurrent rays laminar in both males and females, without opening near distal tip, or having a characteristic "V" shaped bone
lepidotrichia form "V" shaped bone in frontal view with its two halves fused only distally
Aphyocharacidium sp.
not in matrix (TTO update not needed)
14930
Spintherobolus papilliferus
54918
104802
17520
anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of females have proximal portions of ray-halves fused to each other, but retaining opening near their distal tips; giving a needlelike shape to these rays
the 2, 3, or 4 anteriormost ventral procurrent rays laminar in both males and females, without opening near distal tip, or having a characteristic "V" shaped bone
Pseudocheirodon arnoldi
11991
17195
11990
Lepidotrichia of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males
Lepidotrichia of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males: 1. lepidotrichia form a "V " shaped bone in frontal view with two halves fused only distally 2. lepidotrichia of each ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray of males fused along entire length and becoming progressively laminar with maturation 3. lack of sexual dimorphism in procurrent caudal-fin rays, being identical to state 2 described for females on character 44
lepidotrichia form a "V " shaped bone in frontal view with two halves fused only distally
Saccoderma melanostigma
228325
lepidotrichia of each ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray of males fused along entire length and becoming progressively laminar with maturation
lack of sexual dimorphism in procurrent caudal-fin rays, being identical to state 2 described for females on character 44
New genus and species C
40535
Shape of anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males
Shape of anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males: 1. lateral laminar bony extensions absent 2. the anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males with lateral laminar bony extensions between skin and muscles
lateral laminar bony extensions absent
the anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males with lateral laminar bony extensions between skin and muscles
New genus and species A
11161
55194
38840
Distal tip of anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males
Distal tip of anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males: 1. anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays buried in muscles and skin and not visible along ventral surface of caudal peduncle 2. most of anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males projecting far enough through muscles and skin to be seen along ventral margin of caudal peduncle, and forming sort of keel
anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays buried in muscles and skin and not visible along ventral surface of caudal peduncle
New genus and species B
13435
176238
16472
18598
16455
16472
18596
most of anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males projecting far enough through muscles and skin to be seen along ventral margin of caudal peduncle, and forming sort of keel
OUTGROUP
no description of the taxa in this group
Distal tip of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males
Distal tip of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males: 1. distal tip of all procurrent rays slender and posteriorly directed 2. exposed tip of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males enlarged, with distal tip curved and oriented towards the anal-fin base
distal tip of all procurrent rays slender and posteriorly directed
exposed tip of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males enlarged, with distal tip curved and oriented towards the anal-fin base
Nanocheirodon n. gen.
not found in the materials and methods in 1998 pub, need to look in Malabarba 1994.
Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays position
Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays position: 1. procurrent caudal-fin rays angled relative to body axis and posteriorly directed 2. main axis of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays not supported by the parhypural perpendicular to body axis, and main axis of anteriormost ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays with their tips anteriorly directed
procurrent caudal-fin rays angled relative to body axis and posteriorly directed
main axis of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays not supported by the parhypural perpendicular to body axis, and main axis of anteriormost ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays with their tips anteriorly directed
Megacheirodon
should be Megacheirodon unicus (author communication 6/29/09)
615-P
3086PV
Fused ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males
Fused ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males: 1. lacking lateral laminar bony extensions 2. with a large lateral laminar bony extensions between skin and muscles
lacking lateral laminar bony extensions
Serrapinnus n. gen.
not found in the materials and methods in 1998 pub, need to look in Malabarba 1994.
with a large lateral laminar bony extensions between skin and muscles
Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males
Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males: 1. anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays not reduced in proximal portions 2. the anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males with proximal portions reduced, not rising above area of fusion between rays, while posterior dorsal portions of these rays fused in to flat compressed plate that inserts between hemal spine of antepenultimate vertebra and the hemal spines of the anterior vertebrae
anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays not reduced in proximal portions
Aphyocharax anisitsi
9261
Heterocheirodon n. gen.
not found in the materials and methods in 1998 pub, need to look in Malabarba 1994.
the anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males with proximal portions reduced, not rising above area of fusion between rays, while posterior dorsal portions of these rays fused in to flat compressed plate that inserts between hemal spine of antepenultimate vertebra and the hemal spines of the anterior vertebrae
Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays
Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays: 1. fused elements absent 2. all elements not articulating to the parypural fused in mature males
fused elements absent
Aphyocheirodon
Aphyocheirodon hemigrammus is TTO taxon (author communication)
16637
57821
9152
all elements not articulating to the parypural fused in mature males
Distal tip of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males
Distal tip of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males: 1. distal tip of all procurrent rays slender 2. adult males have distal tip of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays spatulate and rounded in profile
Odontostilbe mitoptera
not found in the materials and methods in 1998 pub, need to look in Malabarba 1994.
distal tip of all procurrent rays slender
adult males have distal tip of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays spatulate and rounded in profile
Odontostilbe dialeptura
not found in the materials and methods in 1998 pub, need to look in Malabarba 1994.
Penultimate and antepenultimate procurrent caudal-fin rays of males
Penultimate and antepenultimate procurrent caudal-fin rays of males: 1. not expanded 2. with distal tips ventrally expanded, forming small keel in ventral profile of caudal fin
not expanded
with distal tips ventrally expanded, forming small keel in ventral profile of caudal fin
Compsura gorgonae
not found in the materials and methods in 1998 pub, need to look in Malabarba 1994.
Number and arrangement of the tooth rows of premaxilla
Number and arrangement of the tooth rows of premaxilla: 1. two tooth rows or different from state 1 2. presence of single regular tooth row in premaxilla with teeth perfectly aligned and similar in shape and cusp number
two tooth rows or different from state 1
Roeboexodon guyanensis
not in matrix (TTO update not needed)
10668
presence of single regular tooth row in premaxilla with teeth perfectly aligned and similar in shape and cusp number
Pseudotympanum between the first and second pleural ribs
Pseudotympanum between the first and second pleural ribs: 1. absent; if present, involves different muscle or rib limits than those describe in state 1 2. presence of a large, nearly triangular hiatus on muscles covering the anterior swim bladder, limited dorsally by the lateralis superficialis muscle, posteriorly by a naked anterior surface of the second pleural rib, posteroventrally by the obliquus inferioris muscle, and anteroventrally by the obliquus superioris muscle.
Tooth shape
Tooth shape: 1. tooth base enlarged, with conical cusps 2. teeth pedunculate, largely expanded, and compressed distally
tooth base enlarged, with conical cusps
absent; if present, involves different muscle or rib limits than those describe in state 1
teeth pedunculate, largely expanded, and compressed distally
Dentary teeth
Dentary teeth: 1. with tooth cusp arrangement different from state 1 2. each tooth with 7 cusps, being 5 central cusps larger, compressed and in a row forming sharp cutting edge
with tooth cusp arrangement different from state 1
each tooth with 7 cusps, being 5 central cusps larger, compressed and in a row forming sharp cutting edge
Dentary teeth
Dentary teeth: 1. with tooth cusp arrangement different from state 1 and 2 2. each tooth with 3 central cusps larger, compressed and in row forming sharp cutting edge; cusp tips are distal 3. each tooth with 3 central cusps larger, compressed and in row forming sharp cutting edge; cusp tips of central cusp distal and cusp tips of lateral cusps are lateral
with tooth cusp arrangement different from state 1 and 2
Aphyocharax dentatus
15565
each tooth with 3 central cusps larger, compressed and in row forming sharp cutting edge; cusp tips are distal
each tooth with 3 central cusps larger, compressed and in row forming sharp cutting edge; cusp tips of central cusp distal and cusp tips of lateral cusps are lateral
Dentary teeth
Dentary teeth: 1. dentary teeth with 5 to 6 anterior elements larger and decreasing in size posteriorly 2. presence of 3 large anterior dentary teeth 3. presence of 8 to 10 large anterior dentary teeth
dentary teeth with 5 to 6 anterior elements larger and decreasing in size posteriorly
presence of 3 large anterior dentary teeth
presence of 8 to 10 large anterior dentary teeth
Lateral line
Lateral line: 1. interrupted; mean number of lateral line perforated scales ranging from 6.5-9.2 2. complete 3. lateral line reduced to 2-6 perforated scales
interrupted; mean number of lateral line perforated scales ranging from 6.5-9.2
complete
lateral line reduced to 2-6 perforated scales
Posteriormost scale of longitudinal series of scales just below lateral line
Posteriormost scale of longitudinal series of scales just below lateral line: 1. equal in shape to other caudal peduncle scales and not connected to skin flaps 2. posterior margin of scale free and concave, dorsally connected to skin flap originating between twelfth and thirteenth principal caudal-fin rays and ventrally connected to the nineteenth principal caudal-fin ray 3. posterior margin of scale free and concave, dorsally connected to skin flap originating from fourteenth principal caudal-fin rays and ventrally connected to the nineteenth principal caudal-fin ray
equal in shape to other caudal peduncle scales and not connected to skin flaps
posterior margin of scale free and concave, dorsally connected to skin flap originating between twelfth and thirteenth principal caudal-fin rays and ventrally connected to the nineteenth principal caudal-fin ray
posterior margin of scale free and concave, dorsally connected to skin flap originating from fourteenth principal caudal-fin rays and ventrally connected to the nineteenth principal caudal-fin ray
Caudal-fin scales
Caudal-fin scales: 1. absence of reduced size scales 2. presence of reduced size and unusual shape scales, with free borders, distributed along proximal length of middle caudal-fin rays
presence of a large, nearly triangular hiatus on muscles covering the anterior swim bladder, limited dorsally by the lateralis superficialis muscle, posteriorly by a naked anterior surface of the second pleural rib, posteroventrally by the obliquus inferioris muscle, and anteroventrally by the obliquus superioris muscle.
absence of reduced size scales
presence of reduced size and unusual shape scales, with free borders, distributed along proximal length of middle caudal-fin rays
Caudal-fin scales
Caudal-fin scales: 1. absence of elongate scales 2. presence of one or two elongate scales posterior to the large modified scale of longitudinal series of scales just below lateral line
absence of elongate scales
presence of one or two elongate scales posterior to the large modified scale of longitudinal series of scales just below lateral line
Humeral spot
Humeral spot: 1. present 2. absent
present
absent