anatomical_relation
anterior_to
rostral_to
distal_to
dorsal_to
superior_to
posterior_to
caudal_to
proximal_to
The elbow is proximal to the hand, but distal to the shoulder
x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y.
surrounds
ventral_to
inferior_to
vicinity_of
approximately_perpendicular_to
Crosses at an angle that is 90 degrees, or close to 90 degrees. In any non-linear organism, the main axes are rarely perpendicular when taken through the organism as a whole.
ipsilateral_to
On the same side as. For example, the left arm is ipsilateral to the left leg.
contralateral_to
On the opposite side from. For example, the left arm is contralateral to the right arm (and the right leg).
deep_to
Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines.
superficial_to
Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer.
surrounded_by
left_of
Closer to the left side of the organism. The dorsal fin is right of the left pectoral fin, but is left of the right eye.
right_of
Closer to the right side of the organism. The dorsal fin is right of the left pectoral fin, but is left of the right eye.
finishes_axis
A directional axis can be divided by a plane. Following Allen Interval Algebra terminology we say that the side on which the axis initiates starts the axis, with the other side finishing the axis. If s finishes_axis x, and x has_end_point p, then x overlaps p
follows_axis
has_end_point
Axes can be defined in a given species by subtyping the relevant axis type and stating a end and end point
A relation between an axis and a part of an organism, in which the part defines the initial point of the axis.
has_start_point
Axes can be defined in a given species by subtyping the relevant axis type and stating a start and end point
opposite_to
Direcly opposite to. i.e. on the opposite side through the axis.
orthogonal_to
crossing at right angles
overlaps
x overlaps y iff they have some part in common.
passes_through
Intersects at two points.
starts_axis
A directional axis can be divided by a plane. Following Allen Interval Algebra terminology we say that the side on which the axis initiates starts the axis, with the other side finishing the axis. . If s starts_axis x, and x has_start_point p, then x overlaps p
surface_of
placeholder. used for relation between anatomical surface and an anatomical side.
left side
left
upper side
upper
lower side
lower
deep-superficial gradient (obsolete)
was made obsolete because the ID had too many digits
deep side
deep
superficial side
superficial
anatomical surface
surface
A 2D surface of an anatomical continuant
anatomical margin
edge
margin
fiat region extending a short distance from the boundary of an object inwards
right side
right
parasagittal section
Sagittal section that divides bilateral body into unequal equal left and right sections.
midsaggital section
median plane
Sagittal section that divides bilateral body into equal left and right sections.
median sagittal plane
midsagittal plane
anatomical axis
axis directions are defined in terms of axes
A straight line through space, intersecting an anatomical entity.
upper/lower axis
An anatomical axis determined by gravity.
deep/superficial axis
anterior/posterior axis
anteroposterior axis
A-P axis
AP axis
An axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail.
craniocaudal axis
rostral/caudal
rostrocaudal axis
cephalocaudal axis
apical/basal axis
In plants, this is the axis that runs from the shoot to the root.
longitudinal axis
apical/basal
proximal/distal axis
from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal).
proximal/distal
proximodistal
dorsal/ventral axis
An axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly).
dorsoventral axis
left/right axis
An axis that bisects an organism from left to right sides of body, through a sagittal section.
left to right axis
dextro-sinister axis
transverse section
Anatomical section that divides body into anterior and posterior sections.
axial plane
axial section
transverse plane
cross-section
horizontal section
frontal section
coronal section
Anatomical section that divides bilateral body into dorsal and ventral sections.
upper-lower gradient
deep-superficial gradient
superior side
superior
apical-basal gradient
proximal-distal gradient
inferior side
inferior
upper region
lower region
deep region
superficial region
upper/lower compartment boundary
deep/superficial compartment boundary
apical/basal compartment boundary
proximal/distal compartment boundary
anatomical gradient
A region defined by change in the value of some quantity per unit of distance across some spatial axis.
anterior-posterior gradient
dorsal-ventral gradient
anatomical side
An anatomical region bounded by a plane perpendicular to an axis through the middle.
anterior side
rostral
anterior
posterior side
caudal
posterior
apical side
apical
basal side
The part of the organism attached to a substrate. Axis of symmetry.
basal
central side
central
contralateral side
inherited from flybase cv. not clear how this would be used. Suggest we obsolete, and use the corresponding relation.
On the opposite side
contralateral
proximal side
proximal
distal side
distal
dorsal side
dorsal
ipsilateral side
ipsilateral
On the same side
lateral side
lateral
medial side
a point in the centre of the organism (where the left-right axis intersects the midsagittal plane)
medial
ventral side
ventral
anatomical region
A 3D region in space without well-defined compartmental boundaries; for example, the dorsal region of an ectoderm.
anterior region
posterior region
apical region
basal region
central region
contralateral region
inherited from flybase cv. not clear how this would be used
proximal region
distal region
dorsal region
dorso-lateral region
ipsilateral region
lateral region
medial region
ventral region
ventro-lateral region
This is an example of a composition of two axis positions
anatomical compartment
anterior compartment
compartment boundary
dorsal compartment
posterior compartment
ventral compartment
anatomical compartment boundary
anterior/posterior compartment boundary
dorsal/ventral compartment boundary
anterior surface
posterior surface
apical surface
basal surface
contralateral surface
proximal surface
distal surface
dorsal surface
ipsilateral surface
lateral surface
medial surface
ventral surface
anatomical section
These anatomical sections are applicable to most bilaterally symmetrical animals, but bipedal animals such as humans have more complex usage of these terms. For example, in post-embryonic humans a coronal plane is vertical and a transverse plane is horizontal, but for embryos and quadrupeds a coronal plane is horizontal and a transverse plane is vertical.
A flat 2D plane intersecting an anatomical continuant.
section
anatomical cross-section
plane
sagittal section
left/right plane
sagittal plane
Anatomical section that divides bilateral body into roughly mirror image left and right sections. Bilaterally symmetric organisms have a single sagittal plane.
anterior margin
posterior margin
apical margin
basal margin
proximal margin
distal margin
dorsal margin
dorso-lateral margin
lateral margin
medial margin
ventral margin
ventro-lateral margin
antero-dorsal margin
postero-dorsal margin
antero-ventral margin
postero-ventral margin
medial axis
Properly, the ML axis is a half axis; practically, its usage is less clumsy and less linguistically biased than "left-right". The terms may still be used relatively to describe locations along the LR axis. The gills are medial to the operculum, but lateral to the heart.
ML axis
medio-lateral axis
mediolateral axis
from centre of organism to one or other side.
anatomical entity
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.